Hey bro,
I think the first thing we need to consider is that Peter referred to Paul's letters as Scripture in 2 Peter 3:16. So, unless a passage specifically identifies that Paul is speaking strictly from opinion, we must take his words as the very Word of God. So, even though he says "I" here, he speaks as a man who has the authority given to him by God to instruct the church in these matters of ecclesiology.
Also, if you look at Christianity compared to the culture of the times, Christianity actually allowed more freedom than other institutions. The fact that women were even allowed to learn in silence is a good thing. Many women were kept uneducated and made fearful of the men in society.
As far as modest dressing, I think that's still very relevant. While the braiding of hair is not considered sinful today, it was associated to pagan practices back in the day. So while the specificity of braided hair might not be applicable, the wearing of garments that keep with a woman's professed godliness is required.
God did not leave women out of the teaching roles altogether, though. She is able to teach her children as she raises them up, which is a tremendous endeavor. The older women in Titus 2 are also instructed to teach the younger women.
Gotta leave off here because my break is nearly over.
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It's true that doctrine divides. It's also true that love unifies. The unity we have in the faith is rooted and grounded in truth and love. Remove truth (right theology and doctrine) from the mix and you have less than Biblical unity. Remove love and you have no unity. Love causes us to seek truth and share that truth with others so that we become more unified. God is truth, and as we are more acquainted with His truth, the closer we are to Him, and the closer we become to each other